c/app/starfall.c · 43775 字节 · 下载原文
/* starfall.c —— 《星陨》竖版太空射击（C 版），跑在手机端 VML 上
* starfall.c — "Starfall", a vertical space shooter (C version), running on VML on mobile.
*
* 编译运行（手机 App 的 vml 工具）：
* Build and run (with the vml tool in the mobile app):
* vml run examples/c/starfall.c
*
* ## 操作：**单指拖动**，不用屏幕手柄
* ## Controls: **single-finger drag**, no on-screen gamepad
*
* 手指按住屏幕任意处，飞船就朝那儿飞（有阻尼跟随，不是硬贴）。自动开火，不用按开火键。
* Hold a finger anywhere on the screen and the ship flies toward it (damped follow, not glued).
* Firing is automatic; there is no fire button.
*
* ⚠ **这不是随便选的**：屏幕手柄在宿主侧只有一个按键槽（`DrawWindowPage._padDownKey`），
* ⚠ **This is not an arbitrary choice**: the on-screen gamepad has only one key slot on the host side
* (`DrawWindowPage._padDownKey`), and pressing a new key
* 按新键会先替旧键补一条 KeyUp ⇒ **两个键同时按做不到**。写 mario.c 时就栽在这上面
* first synthesizes a KeyUp for the old one ⇒ **holding two keys at once is impossible**.
* mario.c already tripped over exactly this
* （"跑动中起跳"做不出来，跳不过悬崖）。射击游戏天生要"边移动边开火"，
* ("jumping while running" could not be done, so the cliff was unjumpable). A shooter inherently needs
* "move while firing",
* 所以这里**彻底不用手柄、走触摸**，从根上避开那个限制。
* so this program **drops the gamepad entirely and goes through touch**, avoiding that limit at the root.
*
* 顺带：屏幕上已有的东西不要在程序里再画一遍 —— 手柄区既然用不上，也就不用占那 140px。
* Also: do not draw a second copy of what the screen already has — since the pad is unused, it need not take that 140px.
*
* ## 视觉手段（都在既有绘图接口里，没有新接口）
* ## Visual techniques (all from existing draw APIs, no new interfaces)
*
* - **渐变**：`ui_2d_gradient(id, radial, 色A, 色B, 归一化几何)` + `ui_2d_rect_grad` / `ui_2d_circle_grad`。
* - **Gradient**: `ui_2d_gradient(id, radial, colorA, colorB, normalizedGeometry)` + `ui_2d_rect_grad` / `ui_2d_circle_grad`.
* 几何是**千分之一（0..1000）**的归一化值，不是像素 —— 传像素会让渐变塌成纯色。
* The geometry is a **thousandth (0..1000)** normalized value, not pixels — passing pixels collapses the gradient into a solid color.
* - **发光**：没有 blur 之类的接口，用"**同色多层递减透明度 + 递增半径**"叠出来。
* - **Glow**: there is no blur API, so it is stacked from **multiple layers of the same color with decreasing alpha and increasing radius**.
* - **星空视差**：三层星星、速度与亮度各不同，营造纵深。
* - **Star parallax**: three star layers with different speeds and brightness, giving depth.
* - **粒子**：爆炸是 N 个小圆，半径与透明度随时间衰减。
* - **Particles**: an explosion is N small circles whose radius and alpha decay over time.
* - **多边形**：飞船/敌机都是 `ui_2d_polygon`，顶点在 C 里算好（见下面"为什么不拼路径字符串"）。
* - **Polygons**: ship and foes all use `ui_2d_polygon`, with vertices computed in C (see "why not build path strings" below).
*
* ## 为什么不拼 SVG 路径字符串（`ui_2d_path`）
* ## Why not build SVG path strings (`ui_2d_path`)
*
* `ui_2d_path` 收的是**字符串**（`"M12 40 L..."`）。飞船每帧都在动，用它就得**每帧拼字符串**
* `ui_2d_path` takes a **string** (`"M12 40 L..."`). The ship moves every frame, so using it would mean
* **building a string every frame**
* —— 而 C 里拼字符串要么 `sprintf`（~~本环境格式化路径有已知问题~~ **2026-10-04 复验已正常**），要么手写数字转字符串
* — and string building in C is either `sprintf` (~~the format path has known problems in this environment~~ **re-checked fine 2026-10-04**)
* or hand-writing number-to-string conversion
* 再拼接，既慢又容易出界。多边形直接收 int 数组、顶点在 C 里算，零字符串操作。
* followed by concatenation, which is slow and easy to overflow. A polygon takes the int array directly,
* with vertices computed in C: zero string operations.
* （静态不动的装饰图形才值得用 `ui_2d_path`。）
* (Only static, motionless decoration is worth using `ui_2d_path` for.)
*
* ## 三条 C 前端硬约束（同 tetris.c / mario.c）
* ## Three hard constraints of the C frontend (same as tetris.c / mario.c)
*
* 1. ⚠ `${}` 只认局部变量（**2026-10-04 复验仍成立**：全局量一个装载指令都不生成、参数静默丢）
* 1. ⚠ `${}` recognizes local variables only (**still holds, re-checked 2026-10-04**: a global emits no load at all and the argument is silently dropped)
* 2. 全局变量与全局 int 数组读写都正常。
* 2. Global variables and global int arrays read and write normally.
* 3. ⚠ `#define` 不支持反斜杠续行（~~此条已修好~~）；⚠ **`ui_2d_polygon((int[]){…})` 复合字面量不支持**
* 3. ⚠ `#define` does not support backslash line continuation (~~this one is now fixed~~); ⚠ **the `ui_2d_polygon((int[]){…})`
* compound literal is unsupported** (~~and fails silently~~)
* —— 顶点数组必须是**具名全局数组**。
* — the vertex array must be a **named global array**.
* ✅ **已修好（2026-10-04 复验）**：`#define` 续行可用（宏 = **5**、多行宏 = **42**、字符串续行 = **hello**）；
* ✅ **fixed (re-checked 2026-10-04)**: `#define` continuation works (macro = **5**, multi-line macro = **42**, continued string literal = **hello**);
* 复合字面量**仍是硬失败**（v0.96.183 起直接报语法错误，不再静默）。
* the compound literal is **still a hard failure** (since v0.96.183 it is a syntax error, no longer silent).
*/
#include <vml_ui.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* ── 规模上限 ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
/* ── Size limits ─────────────────────────────────────────── */
#define MAXB 20 /* 我方子弹 */
/* Our bullets. */
#define MAXE 10 /* 敌机 */
/* Enemy craft. */
#define MAXP 70 /* 粒子 */
/* Particles. */
#define MAXS 54 /* 星星 */
/* Stars. */
#define TICK 33 /* 一拍 33ms ⇒ 约 30 拍/秒（逻辑节拍，与渲染帧率无关） */
/* One tick is 33ms => about 30 ticks/s (a logic beat, not the frame rate). */
#define STARS 3 /* 星空层数 */
/* Number of star layers. */
/* ── 配色（0xAARRGGBB，alpha 在前）────────────────────────── */
/* ── Palette (0xAARRGGBB, alpha first) ────────────────────── */
#define C_SPACE_TOP 0xFF070B1C
#define C_SPACE_BOT 0xFF1A2A5C
#define C_NEB_A 0xFF7A3FB0
#define C_NEB_B 0xFF2FA8C8
#define C_STAR 0xFFFFFFFF
#define C_STAR_DIM 0x66FFFFFF
#define C_STAR_MID 0xAAFFFFFF
#define C_HULL 0xFFE8F6FF
#define C_HULL_EDGE 0xFF5CE1FF
#define C_ENGINE 0xFFFF8A2B
#define C_ENGINE_HOT 0xFFFFE9A8
#define C_BULLET 0xFF5CE1FF
#define C_BULLET_HOT 0xFFEAFDFF
#define C_FOE 0xFFFF3D6E
#define C_FOE_EDGE 0xFFFFB199
#define C_FOE_ALT 0xFFFFC24B
#define C_GOLD 0xFFFFD34D
#define C_HUD_BG 0xCC060A18
#define C_TEXT 0xFFDCE8FF
#define C_DIM 0xFF8FA3C8
#define C_WARN 0xFFFF6B6B
/* 分层透明度（预置常量，避免运行时算 alpha 时溢出 int）*/
/* Layer alphas (preset constants, avoiding int overflow when computing alpha at runtime). */
#define A90 0xE6000000
#define A60 0x99000000
#define A40 0x66000000
#define A25 0x40000000
#define A12 0x1F000000
/* ── 正弦表（×1000，32 点一整圈）─────────────────────────────
* ── Sine table (x1000, 32 points per full turn) ────────────
* 不用 math.h：本仓对前端浮点语义踩过坑，整数表确定、可比对。
* No math.h: this repo has been burned by frontend float semantics; an integer table is deterministic and comparable.
*/
int SIN[32] = {
0, 195, 383, 556, 707, 831, 924, 981,
1000, 981, 924, 831, 707, 556, 383, 195,
0, -195, -383, -556, -707, -831, -924, -981,
-1000, -981, -924, -831, -707, -556, -383, -195
};
int sin_i(int a) { return SIN[a & 31]; }
int cos_i(int a) { return SIN[(a + 8) & 31]; } /* cos = sin 移 1/4 圈（8/32）*/
/* cos = sin shifted a quarter turn (8/32). */
/* ── 状态 ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
/* ── State ──────────────────────────────────────────────── */
int W, H; /* 画布宽高 */
/* Canvas width and height. */
int g_lang; /* 界面语言：开局查一次（ui_scr_get_language 是 syscall，别每帧调） */
/* UI language: queried once at start (ui_scr_get_language is a syscall, don't call it each frame). */
int frame;
int acc; /* 运动墙钟欠账（毫秒）—— 按墙钟补步，用户 2026-10-04 口径 */
/* Motion wall-clock debt in ms -- steps are caught up from the wall clock (user's 2026-10-04 rule) */
int lastMs; /* 上次补步取的墙钟时刻（进主循环时初始化） */
/* wall-clock time of the last catch-up step (initialized when entering the main loop) */
int state; /* 0=玩 1=暂停 2=结束 */
/* 0 = playing, 1 = paused, 2 = over. */
int score, best, wave, lives, combo, comboTimer;
int shake; /* 震屏剩余帧数 */
/* Remaining screen-shake frames. */
int shx, shy; /* 本帧震屏偏移（只在绘制时加，不动游戏状态）*/
/* Screen-shake offset for this frame (added while drawing only; game state is untouched). */
int px, py; /* 飞船中心 */
/* Ship center. */
int tx, ty; /* 手指目标点 */
/* Finger target point. */
int touching;
int invuln; /* 无敌帧（复活后短暂） */
/* Invulnerability frames (brief, after respawning). */
int fireCd;
int bx[MAXB], by[MAXB], balive[MAXB];
int ex_[MAXE], ey_[MAXE], eh_[MAXE], erot[MAXE], ekind[MAXE], ealive[MAXE], ecd[MAXE];
int ppx[MAXP], ppy[MAXP], pvx[MAXP], pvy[MAXP], plife[MAXP], pcol[MAXP], palive[MAXP];
int stx[MAXS], sty[MAXS], ssp[MAXS], slay[MAXS], ssz[MAXS]; /* +t=star，避开与局部 sx/sy 同名遮蔽 */
/* +t=star, to avoid shadowing by the local sx/sy. */
int shipPts[16]; /* 飞船多边形顶点（x,y 交替）—— 具名数组，不能用复合字面量 */
/* Ship polygon vertices (x,y alternating) — a named array; compound literals cannot be used. */
int foePts[16]; /* 敌机多边形顶点 */
/* Foe polygon vertices. */
/* 飞船机身的**相对**顶点（以中心为原点，y 向上为负）。倾斜时按角度旋转后再加中心点 ——
* **Relative** hull vertices (origin at the center, negative y points up). When tilting they are rotated by angle, then the center is added —
* 写成相对量是因为旋转必须绕中心做，绝对坐标转起来会绕到屏幕原点去。
* They are written relative because rotation must happen about the center; absolute coordinates would swing around the screen origin.
*/
int shipRel[14] = { 0,-18, 11,2, 4,0, 7,13, -7,13, -4,0, -11,2 };
char nbuf[16]; /* 数字转字符串暂存 */
/* Scratch buffer for number-to-string conversion. */
/* ── 小工具 ─────────────────────────────────────────────── */
/* ── Small helpers ──────────────────────────────────────── */
char* num_str(int v) {
int i;
int n;
if (v < 0) { nbuf[0] = '-'; nbuf[1] = '0'; nbuf[2] = 0; return nbuf; }
i = 0;
if (v == 0) { nbuf[0] = '0'; nbuf[1] = 0; return nbuf; }
while (v > 0) {
nbuf[i] = '0' + (v % 10);
i = i + 1;
v = v / 10;
}
nbuf[i] = 0;
n = 0;
while (n < i / 2) {
char t;
t = nbuf[n];
nbuf[n] = nbuf[i - 1 - n];
nbuf[i - 1 - n] = t;
n = n + 1;
}
return nbuf;
}
/* 发光：同色多层递减透明度 + 递增半径（没有 blur 接口，只能这么叠）*/
/* Glow: several layers of the same color with decreasing alpha and increasing radius (there is no blur API, so this is the only way). */
void glow(int cx, int cy, int r, int color) {
ui_2d_circle(cx, cy, r, (color & 0x00FFFFFF) | A12, 1, 0);
ui_2d_circle(cx, cy, (r * 2) / 3, (color & 0x00FFFFFF) | A25, 1, 0);
ui_2d_circle(cx, cy, r / 3, (color & 0x00FFFFFF) | A60, 1, 0);
}
int rnd(int n) { if (n <= 0) return 0; return ui_math_rand(n); }
/* ── 生成 / 复位 ────────────────────────────────────────── */
/* ── Spawn / reset ──────────────────────────────────────── */
void spawn_particles(int x, int y, int count, int color, int power) {
int i;
int k;
i = 0;
while (i < count) {
k = 0;
while (k < MAXP) {
if (palive[k] == 0) {
palive[k] = 1;
ppx[k] = x;
ppy[k] = y;
pvx[k] = rnd(2 * power + 1) - power;
pvy[k] = rnd(2 * power + 1) - power;
plife[k] = 14 + rnd(14);
pcol[k] = color;
break;
}
k = k + 1;
}
i = i + 1;
}
}
void spawn_foe(void) {
int i;
i = 0;
while (i < MAXE) {
if (ealive[i] == 0) {
ealive[i] = 1;
ex_[i] = 30 + rnd(W - 60);
ey_[i] = -40;
eh_[i] = 18 + rnd(10);
erot[i] = rnd(32);
ekind[i] = rnd(3); /* 0/1 直线 2 蛇形 */
/* 0/1 = straight line, 2 = snaking. */
ecd[i] = 0;
return;
}
i = i + 1;
}
}
void reset_game(void) {
int i;
score = 0;
wave = 1;
lives = 3;
combo = 0;
comboTimer = 0;
shake = 0;
state = 0;
frame = 0;
px = W / 2;
py = H - 120;
tx = px;
ty = py;
touching = 0;
invuln = 90;
fireCd = 0;
i = 0;
while (i < MAXB) { balive[i] = 0; i = i + 1; }
i = 0;
while (i < MAXE) { ealive[i] = 0; i = i + 1; }
i = 0;
while (i < MAXP) { palive[i] = 0; i = i + 1; }
i = 0;
while (i < MAXS) {
slay[i] = i % STARS;
stx[i] = rnd(W);
sty[i] = rnd(H);
ssp[i] = 1 + slay[i] * 2; /* 越远的层越慢 */
/* The more distant the layer, the slower it drifts. */
ssz[i] = 1 + slay[i];
i = i + 1;
}
}
/* ── 音效：**用 ui_audio_beep 单音**（v0.96.509 统一换回来） ────────────
* ── Sound: **single-tone ui_audio_beep** (switched back uniformly in v0.96.509) ──
*
* ⚠⚠ 这些音一度走共享库的音序器（`ui_sfx_add`），**真机上破音**，全部换回来了。
* ⚠⚠ These sounds once went through the shared-library sequencer (`ui_sfx_add`) and
* **clipped on real devices**, so they were all switched back.
* 破音的是**这里配的音**：爆炸是**三个声部同时响**（48/54/48 一起轰），多声部混音
* What clipped was **the sounds configured here**: the explosion fired **three voices at once**
* (48/54/48 together), and mixing multiple voices
* 一叠加就顶到削波；被撞的末音还拖了 12 拍（一拍 33ms ≈ 400ms）。
* stacked straight into clipping; the tail of the hit sound also dragged 12 ticks (33ms per tick).
* `ui_audio_beep` 是**单通道**的（后一个音掐掉前一个）⇒ 一个事件永远只有一个音在响，
* `ui_audio_beep` is **single-channel** (a new tone cuts off the previous one) ⇒ only one tone sounds per event,
* **结构上不可能削波、也不会长音叠加**。代价是没有音色。
* so **clipping and long-tone stacking are structurally impossible**. The price is no timbre.
*
* ⚠ 频率沿用原来那版的**首音**（射击最高最轻、爆炸最低），时长取整块时长、封顶 320ms。
* ⚠ Frequencies keep the **first tone** of the previous version (shoot highest and lightest, boom lowest);
* the duration is the whole block's length, capped at 320ms.
* 低音不低于 C3(131Hz) —— 手机外放在 200Hz 以下衰减很快，玩家听着像没响。
* Bass never drops below C3 (131Hz) — phone speakers roll off fast under 200Hz, so players hear nothing.
*/
void sfx_shoot(void) { ui_audio_beep(1568, 33); } /* 射击：最高频的动作，最轻最短 */
/* Shoot: the highest-pitched action, lightest and shortest. */
void sfx_boom(void) { ui_audio_beep(131, 198); } /* 爆炸：一声闷响（最低） */
/* Boom: a dull thud (the lowest). */
void sfx_hit(void) { /* 被撞：低沉、长 */
/* Hit: low and long. */
ui_audio_beep(196, 320);
ui_vibrate_simple(140, 0);
}
void sfx_wave(void) { ui_audio_beep(659, 320); } /* 过一波：中高、长 */
/* Wave cleared: mid-high and long. */
/* ── 每拍 ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
/* ── Per tick ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
void fire(void) {
int i;
i = 0;
while (i < MAXB) {
if (balive[i] == 0) {
balive[i] = 1;
bx[i] = px;
by[i] = py - 18;
sfx_shoot();
return;
}
i = i + 1;
}
}
void hurt_player(void) {
if (invuln > 0) return;
lives = lives - 1;
combo = 0;
shake = 12;
sfx_hit();
spawn_particles(px, py, 26, C_FOE, 4);
if (lives <= 0) { state = 2; return; }
invuln = 90;
px = W / 2;
py = H - 120;
tx = px;
ty = py;
}
void tick(void) {
int i;
int k;
int dx;
int dy;
int hitdx;
int hity;
if (state != 0) return;
frame = frame + 1;
if (shake > 0) shake = shake - 1;
if (invuln > 0) invuln = invuln - 1;
if (comboTimer > 0) { comboTimer = comboTimer - 1; if (comboTimer == 0) combo = 0; }
/* ── 飞船跟随手指（阻尼，不是硬贴）── */
/* ── Ship follows the finger (damped, not glued) ── */
dx = tx - px;
dy = ty - py;
px = px + dx / 5;
py = py + dy / 5;
if (px < 16) px = 16;
if (px > W - 16) px = W - 16;
if (py < 50) py = 50;
if (py > H - 30) py = H - 30;
/* ── 自动开火 ── */
/* ── Auto fire ── */
fireCd = fireCd - 1;
if (fireCd <= 0) { fire(); fireCd = 7; }
/* ── 子弹 ── */
/* ── Bullets ── */
i = 0;
while (i < MAXB) {
if (balive[i] != 0) {
by[i] = by[i] - 13;
if (by[i] < -20) balive[i] = 0;
}
i = i + 1;
}
/* ── 敌机 ── */
/* ── Foes ── */
i = 0;
while (i < MAXE) {
if (ealive[i] != 0) {
ey_[i] = ey_[i] + 2 + wave / 3;
if (ekind[i] == 2) ex_[i] = ex_[i] + sin_i(frame / 3 + i * 7) / 3;
erot[i] = erot[i] + 1;
if (ex_[i] < 20) ex_[i] = 20;
if (ex_[i] > W - 20) ex_[i] = W - 20;
/* 漏过去：扣连击 */
/* Slipped past: the combo is lost. */
if (ey_[i] > H + 30) { ealive[i] = 0; combo = 0; }
/* 与我方子弹 */
/* Against our bullets. */
k = 0;
while (k < MAXB) {
if (balive[k] != 0) {
hitdx = bx[k] - ex_[i];
hity = by[k] - ey_[i];
if (hitdx < 0) hitdx = -hitdx;
if (hity < 0) hity = -hity;
if (hitdx < eh_[i] + 6 && hity < eh_[i] + 6) {
balive[k] = 0;
ealive[i] = 0;
combo = combo + 1;
comboTimer = 90;
score = score + 10 + combo * 2;
shake = 4;
sfx_boom();
spawn_particles(ex_[i], ey_[i], 14,
ekind[i] == 2 ? C_FOE_ALT : C_FOE, 3);
break;
}
}
k = k + 1;
}
/* 与飞船 */
/* Against the ship. */
if (ealive[i] != 0) {
hitdx = px - ex_[i];
hity = py - ey_[i];
if (hitdx < 0) hitdx = -hitdx;
if (hity < 0) hity = -hity;
if (hitdx < eh_[i] + 10 && hity < eh_[i] + 10) {
ealive[i] = 0;
spawn_particles(ex_[i], ey_[i], 12, C_FOE, 3);
hurt_player();
if (state != 0) return;
}
}
}
i = i + 1;
}
/* ── 粒子 ── */
/* ── Particles ── */
i = 0;
while (i < MAXP) {
if (palive[i] != 0) {
ppx[i] = ppx[i] + pvx[i];
ppy[i] = ppy[i] + pvy[i];
pvx[i] = (pvx[i] * 9) / 10;
pvy[i] = (pvy[i] * 9) / 10;
plife[i] = plife[i] - 1;
if (plife[i] <= 0) palive[i] = 0;
}
i = i + 1;
}
/* ── 星空 ── */
/* ── Starfield ── */
i = 0;
while (i < MAXS) {
sty[i] = sty[i] + ssp[i];
if (sty[i] > H) { sty[i] = -2; stx[i] = rnd(W); }
i = i + 1;
}
/* ── 波次 ── */
/* ── Waves ── */
/* 出敌节奏：55 拍（≈1.8 秒）一个；第 2 波起再补一个错开的 ——
* Spawn cadence: one foe every 55 ticks (about 1.8 seconds); from wave 2 on a second, staggered one is added —
* 原先是 90 拍一个，实测 16 秒才 5 个，画面太冷清。
* it used to be one every 90 ticks, which measured only 5 in 16 seconds — too empty a screen.
*/
if (frame % 55 == 0) {
spawn_foe();
if (wave >= 2 && (frame % 110) == 55) spawn_foe();
if (frame % 450 == 0) { wave = wave + 1; sfx_wave(); }
}
}
/* ── 绘制 ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
/* ── Drawing ────────────────────────────────────────────── */
void draw_space(void) {
/* ⚠⚠ **`ui_2d_clear` 不是"可选的美化"，它是"重置这一帧"的唯一入口。**
* ⚠⚠ **`ui_2d_clear` is not optional decoration; it is the only way to "reset this frame".**
*
* 宿主那边的语义是：所有绘制（含 `ui_2d_gradient` 这条 DSL 指令）都往同一个图元表里
* On the host side the semantics are: every draw call (including the `ui_2d_gradient` DSL instruction)
* *appends* to one shared figure list,
* **追加**，只有 `ui_2d_clear` 会把它清空（`VmlScene.Clear` → `_figures.Clear()`）。
* and only `ui_2d_clear` empties it (`VmlScene.Clear` → `_figures.Clear()`).
* 漏了它 ⇒ **每帧都叠在上一帧上面**：画面糊成一团（"看不清"），
* Miss it ⇒ **each frame is painted on top of the previous one**: the picture smears into a blur
* ("can't see anything"),
* 且图元表无限增长（一秒 170 个 → 十秒五万个）直到撑爆（"闪退"）。
* and the figure list grows without bound (170 per second → fifty thousand in ten seconds) until it blows up ("crash").
*
* 本文件第一版就是这么错的：把"清屏"换成了"画渐变背景"，于是漏掉了清屏本身。
* The first version of this file made exactly that mistake: it replaced "clear the screen" with
* "draw a gradient background" and so lost the clear itself.
* 渐变铺满全屏**看起来**像清了底，但那是"盖上去"不是"重置"。
* A full-screen gradient **looks** like it cleared the background, but that is "covering", not "resetting".
*/
ui_2d_clear(C_SPACE_TOP);
/* 背景：纵向渐变（几何是千分之一的归一化值：从上到下）*/
/* Background: a vertical gradient (geometry is thousandth-normalized: top to bottom). */
ui_2d_gradient("bg", 0, C_SPACE_TOP, C_SPACE_BOT, 0, 0, 0, 1000);
ui_2d_rect_grad(0, 0, W, H, "bg", 0);
/* 星云：两团径向渐变（随帧极缓慢"呼吸"，让静止画面也有生气）。
* Nebulae: two radial gradients (breathing very slowly with the frame count, so a still picture still feels alive).
*
* ⚠⚠ **渐变几何是「千分之一」的归一化值（0..1000），不是像素！**
* ⚠⚠ **Gradient geometry is a "thousandth" normalized value (0..1000), not pixels!**
* 第一版按像素传了 `W/3, H/4, W/2`（如 90,114,180）—— 宿主把 180 读成
* The first version passed pixels: `W/3, H/4, W/2` (e.g. 90,114,180) — the host read 180 as
* "半径 = 包围盒的 18%"，于是焦点缩在左上角一小块、**其余全是 ColorB**，
* "radius = 18% of the bounding box", so the focus shrank into a small patch in the top-left corner
* and **everything else was ColorB**,
* 屏幕上就是**一个硬边深色圆盘**（用户实测「看不清是什么」）。
* leaving **a hard-edged dark disc** on screen (the user measured this and said "can't tell what it is").
* 径向居中只有一种正确写法：**500,500,500**（位置由 ui_2d_circle_grad 的 cx,cy 给）。
* There is only one correct way to center a radial: **500,500,500** (the position comes from cx,cy of ui_2d_circle_grad).
*/
ui_2d_gradient("neb1", 1, (C_NEB_A & 0x00FFFFFF) | A60, (C_SPACE_TOP & 0x00FFFFFF) | A90,
500, 500, 500, 0);
ui_2d_circle_grad(W / 3, H / 4 + sin_i(frame / 16) * 8, W / 2, "neb1");
ui_2d_gradient("neb2", 1, (C_NEB_B & 0x00FFFFFF) | A40, (C_SPACE_TOP & 0x00FFFFFF) | A90,
500, 500, 500, 0);
ui_2d_circle_grad((W * 3) / 4, (H * 2) / 3 + cos_i(frame / 20) * 10, W / 2, "neb2");
}
void draw_stars(void) {
int i;
int b;
i = 0;
while (i < MAXS) {
/* 越近的层越亮越大；最远那层还会轻微闪烁 */
/* The nearer the layer, the brighter and bigger; the farthest layer also twinkles faintly. */
if (slay[i] == 0) b = C_STAR_DIM;
else if (slay[i] == 1) b = C_STAR_MID;
else b = C_STAR;
if (slay[i] == 0 && ((frame / 8 + i) & 1) == 0) b = (C_STAR & 0x00FFFFFF) | A25;
ui_2d_circle(stx[i], sty[i], ssz[i], b, 1, 0);
i = i + 1;
}
}
void draw_ship(void) {
int cx;
int cy;
int i;
int tilt;
int c;
int s;
int rx;
int ry;
/* 无敌时闪烁：不画（不是画成半透明 —— 圆接口没有统一的 alpha 混色保证）*/
/* Blink while invulnerable: skip drawing entirely (rather than drawing semi-transparent — the circle API gives no uniform alpha blending guarantee). */
if (invuln > 0 && ((invuln / 4) & 1) == 1) return;
cx = px + shx; /* 震屏只在**画**的时候加偏移 */
/* The screen-shake offset is added only while **drawing**. */
cy = py + shy;
/* 机身随横向速度倾斜 —— 一点"juice"，让移动有重量感。
* The hull tilts with horizontal velocity — a bit of "juice" so movement has weight.
* 角度单位与正弦表同制（32 格一整圈，1 格 = 11.25°），限幅 ±2 格 ≈ ±22°。
* The angle unit matches the sine table (32 steps per full turn, 1 step = 11.25°); clamped to ±2 steps, about ±22°.
*/
tilt = tx - px;
if (tilt > 5) tilt = 5;
if (tilt < -5) tilt = -5;
tilt = tilt; /* 1px 偏移 ≈ 1 格角度，够明显又不夸张 */
/* A 1px offset is about 1 angle step: noticeable without being silly. */
c = cos_i(tilt);
s = sin_i(tilt);
/* 引擎焰：跟着机身一起转，长度随帧抖动 */
/* Engine flame: rotates with the hull, its length jittering with the frame count. */
ry = 10;
shipPts[0] = cx + ((-5) * c - ry * s) / 1000;
shipPts[1] = cy + ((-5) * s + ry * c) / 1000;
shipPts[2] = cx + (5 * c - ry * s) / 1000;
shipPts[3] = cy + (5 * s + ry * c) / 1000;
ry = 24 + sin_i(frame) / 60;
shipPts[4] = cx + (0 * c - ry * s) / 1000;
shipPts[5] = cy + (0 * s + ry * c) / 1000;
glow(cx, cy + 16, 10, C_ENGINE);
ui_2d_polygon(shipPts, 3, C_ENGINE_HOT, C_ENGINE, 1, "");
/* 机身：相对顶点按 tilt 旋转后落到画布上 */
/* Hull: the relative vertices are rotated by tilt and then placed on the canvas. */
i = 0;
while (i < 7) {
rx = shipRel[i * 2];
ry = shipRel[i * 2 + 1];
shipPts[i * 2] = cx + (rx * c - ry * s) / 1000;
shipPts[i * 2 + 1] = cy + (rx * s + ry * c) / 1000;
i = i + 1;
}
glow(cx, cy, 16, C_HULL_EDGE);
ui_2d_polygon(shipPts, 7, C_HULL, C_HULL_EDGE, 2, "");
/* 座舱 */
/* Cockpit. */
ui_2d_circle(cx + (0 * c - (-4) * s) / 1000, cy + (0 * s + (-4) * c) / 1000, 3, C_HULL_EDGE, 1, 0);
}
void draw_foes(void) {
int i;
int fx;
int fy;
int k;
int a;
int r;
int col;
i = 0;
while (i < MAXE) {
if (ealive[i] != 0) {
r = eh_[i];
fx = ex_[i] + shx;
fy = ey_[i] + shy;
/* 八边形：顶点由旋转角算出来（不拼字符串，见文件头那段）*/
/* Octagon: vertices are computed from the rotation angle (no string building; see the header). */
k = 0;
while (k < 8) {
a = erot[i] + k * 4; /* 45° = 4/32 圈 */
/* 45 degrees = 4/32 of a turn. */
foePts[k * 2] = fx + (r * cos_i(a)) / 1000;
foePts[k * 2 + 1] = fy + (r * sin_i(a)) / 1000;
k = k + 1;
}
col = ekind[i] == 2 ? C_FOE_ALT : C_FOE;
glow(fx, fy, r, col);
ui_2d_polygon(foePts, 8, (col & 0x00FFFFFF) | A90, C_FOE_EDGE, 2, "");
/* 核心 */
/* Core. */
ui_2d_circle(fx, fy, r / 3, (col & 0x00FFFFFF) | A90, 1, 0);
ui_2d_circle(fx, fy, r / 5, C_HULL, 1, 0);
}
i = i + 1;
}
}
void draw_bullets(void) {
int i;
i = 0;
while (i < MAXB) {
if (balive[i] != 0) {
glow(bx[i] + shx, by[i] + shy, 7, C_BULLET);
ui_2d_rect(bx[i] + shx - 2, by[i] + shy - 9, 4, 16, C_BULLET, 1, 0, 2);
ui_2d_rect(bx[i] + shx - 1, by[i] + shy - 7, 2, 12, C_BULLET_HOT, 1, 0, 1);
}
i = i + 1;
}
}
void draw_particles(void) {
int i;
int r;
int a;
i = 0;
while (i < MAXP) {
if (palive[i] != 0) {
r = plife[i] / 3;
if (r < 1) r = 1;
if (plife[i] > 18) a = A90;
else if (plife[i] > 10) a = A60;
else if (plife[i] > 5) a = A40;
else a = A25;
ui_2d_circle(ppx[i] + shx, ppy[i] + shy, r, (pcol[i] & 0x00FFFFFF) | a, 1, 0);
}
i = i + 1;
}
}
/* 命数用的小飞船图标（独立函数：几何与主飞船不同，别混用同一张顶点表）*/
/* The little ship icon used for lives (a separate function: its geometry differs from the main ship, so do not share one vertex array). */
void ui_polygon_small(int cx, int cy) {
int a[12];
a[0] = cx; a[1] = cy - 6;
a[2] = cx + 5; a[3] = cy + 2;
a[4] = cx + 2; a[5] = cy + 1;
a[6] = cx + 3; a[7] = cy + 5;
a[8] = cx - 3; a[9] = cy + 5;
a[10] = cx - 2; a[11] = cy + 1;
ui_2d_polygon(a, 6, C_HULL, C_HULL_EDGE, 1, "");
}
void draw_hud(void) {
int i;
ui_2d_rect(0, 0, W, 34, C_HUD_BG, 1, 0, 0);
ui_text_set_font(13, VML_FONT_BOLD, C_TEXT, VML_ANCHOR_LEFT);
ui_2d_text_cur(10, 9, num_str(score));
ui_text_set_font(10, 0, C_DIM, VML_ANCHOR_LEFT);
ui_2d_text_cur(10, 23, g_lang == 0 ? "分数" : "Score");
ui_text_set_font(12, VML_FONT_BOLD, C_GOLD, VML_ANCHOR_CENTER);
/* ⚠ "第" 是 1 个全角（12px 宽，居中后占 ±6），而 "Level" 是 30px 宽（±15）。
* ⚠ The Chinese label is a single full-width glyph (12px wide, so ±6 when centered), while "Level" is 30px wide (±15).
数字的起点 W/2+22 对两者都还留着空隙，不必挪。 */
/* The number starts at W/2+22, which still leaves a gap for both, so no adjustment is needed. */
ui_2d_text_cur(W / 2, 9, g_lang == 0 ? "第" : "Level");
ui_text_set_font(12, VML_FONT_BOLD, C_TEXT, VML_ANCHOR_CENTER);
ui_2d_text_cur(W / 2 + 22, 9, num_str(wave));
if (combo > 1) {
ui_text_set_font(10, VML_FONT_BOLD, C_GOLD, VML_ANCHOR_CENTER);
ui_2d_text_cur(W / 2, 24, g_lang == 0 ? "连击" : "Combo");
}
/* 命：画成小飞船图标，比数字直观 */
/* Lives: drawn as little ship icons, which reads better than a number. */
i = 0;
while (i < lives && i < 5) {
ui_polygon_small(W - 22 - i * 20, 17);
i = i + 1;
}
if (state == 1) {
ui_2d_rect(0, H / 2 - 34, W, 68, 0xCC000000, 1, 0, 0);
ui_text_set_font(22, VML_FONT_BOLD, C_TEXT, VML_ANCHOR_CENTER);
ui_2d_text_cur(W / 2, H / 2 - 22, g_lang == 0 ? "暂停" : "Paused");
ui_text_set_font(12, 0, C_DIM, VML_ANCHOR_CENTER);
ui_2d_text_cur(W / 2, H / 2 + 8, g_lang == 0 ? "按 START 继续" : "Press START to resume");
}
if (state == 2) {
ui_2d_rect(0, H / 2 - 60, W, 120, 0xCC000000, 1, 0, 0);
ui_text_set_font(24, VML_FONT_BOLD, C_WARN, VML_ANCHOR_CENTER);
ui_2d_text_cur(W / 2, H / 2 - 40, g_lang == 0 ? "舰体损毁" : "Hull destroyed");
ui_text_set_font(14, 0, C_TEXT, VML_ANCHOR_CENTER);
ui_2d_text_cur(W / 2, H / 2 - 4, g_lang == 0 ? "最终分数" : "Final score");
ui_text_set_font(20, VML_FONT_BOLD, C_GOLD, VML_ANCHOR_CENTER);
ui_2d_text_cur(W / 2, H / 2 + 22, num_str(score));
ui_text_set_font(12, 0, C_DIM, VML_ANCHOR_CENTER);
ui_2d_text_cur(W / 2, H / 2 + 50, g_lang == 0 ? "按 START 重新出击" : "Press START to fly again");
}
}
void draw_all(void) {
/* 震屏：只算一个偏移量，由各实体绘制函数在**画**的时候加上。
* Screen shake: only an offset is computed here; each entity's draw function adds it while **drawing**.
* ⚠ 不要在这里改 px/py 再改回来 —— 绘制期改游戏状态，一旦重入或中途返回，
* ⚠ Do not modify px/py here and change them back — mutating game state during drawing means that
* if the call re-enters or returns early,
* 状态就留在偏移过的位置上（这是"看着偶然、其实必错"的一类写法）。
* the state is left at the offset position (this is the "looks incidental, is actually always wrong" style of code).
*/
shx = 0;
shy = 0;
if (shake > 0) { shx = sin_i(frame * 5) / 90; shy = cos_i(frame * 7) / 90; }
draw_space();
draw_stars();
draw_bullets();
draw_foes();
draw_particles();
draw_ship();
draw_hud();
ui_2d_present();
}
/* ── 输入 ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
/* ── Input ──────────────────────────────────────────────── */
void on_key(int k) {
if (k == VML_KEY_SELECT || k == VML_KEY_PAUSE) {
if (state == 0) state = 1;
else if (state == 1) state = 0;
draw_all();
return;
}
if (k == VML_KEY_ENTER) {
reset_game();
draw_all();
return;
}
}
/* ── 主循环 ─────────────────────────────────────────────── */
/* ── Main loop ──────────────────────────────────────────── */
int main(void) {
int msg[4];
int t;
int sw;
int sh;
int i;
g_lang = ui_scr_get_language();
ui_win_open(g_lang == 0 ? "星陨" : "Starfall", 0, 0);
sw = ui_scr_get_w();
sh = ui_scr_get_h();
if (sw <= 0) sw = 360;
if (sh <= 0) sh = 620;
ui_scr_set_keep_on(1);
W = sw;
H = sh;
/* 全部初始化为"空"，免得 reset 之前就画到未初始化的状态上 */
/* Initialize everything to "empty", so nothing is drawn onto uninitialized state before reset. */
i = 0;
while (i < MAXB) { balive[i] = 0; i = i + 1; }
i = 0;
while (i < MAXE) { ealive[i] = 0; i = i + 1; }
i = 0;
while (i < MAXP) { palive[i] = 0; i = i + 1; }
reset_game();
draw_all();
ui_timer_set(TICK, 0);
/* ⚠ 中文这条**整句写在同一行**里：跨行的话，第二段的字面量会落在没有 `g_lang == 0`
* ⚠ The Chinese message keeps **the whole sentence on one line**: split across lines, the second literal
* would land on a line without `g_lang == 0`
的那一行上（语言审计脚本按行认），而且相邻字面量拼接本来就只是 C 的语法糖。 */
/* (the language audit script works line by line), and adjacent literal concatenation is just C syntactic sugar anyway. */
if (g_lang == 0) ui_dlg_msg("星陨", "单指按住屏幕任意处拖动，飞船会跟过来；自动开火。打掉敌机攒连击，别被撞到。START 重开、SELECT 暂停。", VML_DLG_INFO);
else ui_dlg_msg("Starfall", "Drag anywhere to move; the ship fires by itself. Kill foes to build combo, don't get hit. START = restart, SELECT = pause.", VML_DLG_INFO);
/* 墙钟起点：进主循环时取（不在模块级/全局初始化里调 syscall） */
/* wall-clock origin: sampled when entering the main loop (no syscall at module/global-init level) */
acc = 0;
lastMs = ui_time_get_ms();
while (ui_win_is_closed() == 0) {
/* 这一帧该走几步：**按墙钟欠账**（各平台定时器分辨率不同 ⇒ 不能拿"收到几拍"当时间）。
* how many steps this frame takes: **driven by the wall-clock deficit** (timer resolution differs per platform => never treat "ticks received" as time).
* 用户 2026-10-04 口径：所有游戏时钟取系统毫秒数。
* user's 2026-10-04 rule: all game clocks read system milliseconds. */
{
int now2 = ui_time_get_ms();
acc = acc + (now2 - lastMs);
lastMs = now2;
if (acc > TICK * 8) acc = 0; /* 卡太久别一次补一大串（防瞬移） */
/* do not catch up in one huge burst after a long stall (prevents teleporting) */
if (state != 0) acc = 0; /* 暂停/结束不累积 */
/* no accumulation while paused/finished */
if (acc >= TICK) {
while (acc >= TICK) { acc = acc - TICK; tick(); }
draw_all();
}
}
t = ui_msg_wait(msg, 0);
if (t == 0) continue;
if (t == VML_MSG_WINDOWCLOSE) break;
if (t == VML_MSG_TIMER) {
/* 定时器**只负责唤醒**（推进在上面按墙钟欠账走） */
/* the timer **only wakes us up** (advancement happens above, driven by the wall-clock deficit) */
continue;
}
/* 触摸：按下/移动都更新目标点，抬起则停在原地 */
/* Touch: both down and move update the target point; up leaves it where it is. */
if (t == VML_MSG_TOUCHDOWN || t == VML_MSG_MOUSEDOWN) {
touching = 1;
tx = msg[1];
ty = msg[2];
continue;
}
if (t == VML_MSG_TOUCHMOVE || t == VML_MSG_MOUSEMOVE) {
if (touching != 0) { tx = msg[1]; ty = msg[2]; }
continue;
}
if (t == VML_MSG_TOUCHUP || t == VML_MSG_MOUSEUP) {
touching = 0;
continue;
}
if (t == VML_MSG_KEYDOWN) {
if (msg[1] == VML_KEY_ESCAPE) break;
on_key(msg[1]);
continue;
}
}
ui_scr_set_keep_on(0);
ui_sfx_panic();
ui_win_close();
return 0;
}