! demo_tty.f90 —— Fortran 第二层：**彩色控制台**（tty） ! demo_tty.f90 -- Fortran layer two: **color console** (tty) ! ! Fortran **没有** conio / crt 那一类可用的控制台绑定： ! Fortran has **no** usable console binding of the conio / crt kind: ! · `Lib/fortran/crt.vml` 里只有自动生成的空壳 ! · `Lib/fortran/crt.vml` holds only an auto-generated empty shell ! · `Lib/fortran/console.f90` 的三个函数全是 `r = 0` 的空实现（没有实现体） ! · all three functions in `Lib/fortran/console.f90` are empty `r = 0` stubs (no body at all) ! 所以这一层直接输出 **ANSI 转义序列** —— 与 `Examples/c/ansi_colors.c` 同一个做法、 ! So this layer emits **ANSI escape sequences** directly -- the same approach as `Examples/c/ansi_colors.c`, ! 同一套效果（手机端「命令行」页由 `UI/Shared/AnsiMarkup.cs` 翻成彩色富文本）。 ! with the same effect (on mobile the "command line" page is turned into colored rich text by `UI/Shared/AnsiMarkup.cs`). ! ! 跑法（桌面 vmlcli）： ! How to run (desktop vmlcli): ! dotnet scripts/vmlcli/bin/Release/net10.0/vmlcli.dll Examples/fortran/demo_tty.f90 ! ! 画面（从上到下）： ! What appears on screen (top to bottom): ! ① 清屏（ESC[2J + ESC[H）+ 复位属性 ! ① Clear the screen (ESC[2J + ESC[H) + reset attributes ! ② 8 个暗色前景（色号 0-7），背景 = 7 浅灰 ! ② 8 dark foreground colors (color numbers 0-7), background = 7 light gray ! ③ 8 个亮色前景（色号 8-15），背景 = 0 黑 ! ③ 8 bright foreground colors (color numbers 8-15), background = 0 black ! ④ 光标定位：同一行先写右半段、再回到左端写左半段 —— 证明是**定位**不是顺序输出 ! ④ Cursor positioning: on the same row write the right half first, then go back to the left end and write the left half -- proving it is **positioning**, not sequential output ! ⑤ 复位成白字黑底，正常结束 ! ⑤ Reset to white on black, then exit normally ! ! ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ ! ⚠ 这份文件为什么写成"逐字节 putchar"的样子（三条本前端的硬限制） ! ⚠ Why this file is written as "byte-by-byte putchar" (three hard limitations of this frontend) ! ! ① **`print *, char(27)` 发不出 ESC**。本前端的 `char()` 是**恒等映射** ! ① **`print *, char(27)` cannot emit ESC**. In this frontend `char()` is the **identity mapping** ! （整数转字符 = 无操作），`print` 于是把它当整数打出来（打出 `27` 两个字符）。 ! (integer-to-character is a no-op), so `print` prints it as an integer (the two characters `27`). ! 实测：`call putchar(27)` 真的发出 0x1B ✅ / `print *, char(27)` 打出 "27" ❌ ! Measured: `call putchar(27)` really emits 0x1B OK / `print *, char(27)` prints "27" (wrong) ! ⇒ 发 ESC 只能走 `call putchar(27)`。 ! => To emit ESC there is no other route than `call putchar(27)`. ! ! ② **没有可用的子程序**。`contains` 里的内部子程序**传不进实参**、也**看不见 ! ② **No usable subroutines**. A contained subroutine **cannot receive arguments** and **cannot see ! 宿主程序的变量**（实测：`call show(97)` 里 `v` 读到 0；读宿主的全局量同样读到 0； ! the host program's variables** (measured: inside `call show(97)` `v` reads 0; reading the host's globals also gives 0; ! 外部子程序则直接「未定义的函数 'show'」）。所以本文件**一个子程序都没有** —— ! an external subroutine just reports "undefined function 'show'"). So this file has **not a single subroutine** -- ! ANSI 序列全部内联展开，这就是它比别的语言那份长一截的原因。 ! every ANSI sequence is expanded inline, which is why it is a good deal longer than the other languages' versions. ! ! ③ **没有整数转串**。`Str()` 没有、字符串 `//` 拼接没有（`'A' // 'B'` 报 ! ③ **No integer-to-string conversion**. There is no `Str()`, no string `//` concatenation (`'A' // 'B'` reports ! 「意外的 token: Div」）、`character :: s` 变量存不住字符串（`s = 'AB'` 读回来是 0） ! "unexpected token: Div"), and a `character :: s` variable cannot hold a string (`s = 'AB'` reads back as 0) ! ⇒ 序列里要发的十进制数字只能自己按位算：`48 + 数字` 就是它的 ASCII 码。 ! => the decimal digits the sequences need must be computed digit by digit: `48 + digit` is their ASCII code. ! ! 本文件里每个 `putchar` 都带行尾注释说明它发的是哪个字符，方便逐字节核对。 ! Every `putchar` in this file carries a trailing comment saying which character it emits, making byte-by-byte checking easy. ! ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ program demo_tty implicit none integer :: c integer :: row, fg, col integer :: lang ! 界面语言：0 = 中文 / 1 = 英文（ui_scr_get_language 是 syscall，开局查一次） ! UI language: 0 = Chinese / 1 = English (ui_scr_get_language is a syscall, queried once at startup) ! ⚠ 本前端没有三元/merge，界面文字只能靠单行 `if` 二选一（同 sokoban.f90）。 ! ⚠ This frontend has no ternary/merge, so UI text can only pick between two options with a single-line `if` (same as sokoban.f90). lang = ui_scr_get_language() ! ── ① 清屏 + 复位属性 ──────────────────────────────────────────── ! -- ① Clear the screen + reset attributes -- call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(48) ! 0 call putchar(109) ! m ⇒ ESC[0m 复位全部属性 ! m => ESC[0m reset all attributes call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(50) ! 2 call putchar(74) ! J ⇒ ESC[2J 清屏 ! J => ESC[2J clear the screen call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(72) ! H ⇒ ESC[H 光标回左上 ! H => ESC[H cursor back to the top left ! ── 标题：亮白字(97) + 蓝底(44) ───────────────────────────────── ! -- Title: bright white text (97) + blue background (44) -- call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(57) ! 9 call putchar(55) ! 7 ⇒ 「97」亮白前景 ! 7 => "97" bright white foreground call putchar(59) ! ; call putchar(52) ! 4 call putchar(52) ! 4 ⇒ 「44」蓝背景 ! 4 => "44" blue background call putchar(109) ! m print *, '=== Fortran color console demo === (ANSI 97;44 = bright white on blue)' ! ── ② 暗色 0-7，背景 7 浅灰（SGR 30-37 前景 / 47 背景）────────── ! -- ② Dark colors 0-7, background 7 light gray (SGR 30-37 foreground / 47 background) -- do c = 0, 7 row = 3 + c fg = 30 + c ! ESC[;3H —— row 是 3..10，一位或两位 ! ESC[;3H -- row is 3..10, one or two digits call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ if (row >= 10) then call putchar(48 + row / 10) ! 行号的十位 ! tens digit of the row number end if call putchar(48 + row - (row / 10) * 10) ! 行号的个位 ! ones digit of the row number call putchar(59) ! ; call putchar(51) ! 3 ⇒ 列固定第 3 列 ! 3 => the column is always column 3 call putchar(72) ! H ! ESC[;47m call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(48 + fg / 10) ! 色号十位（30+c 恒为两位） ! tens digit of the color number (30+c is always two digits) call putchar(48 + fg - (fg / 10) * 10) ! 色号个位 ! ones digit of the color number call putchar(59) ! ; call putchar(52) ! 4 call putchar(55) ! 7 ⇒ 「47」浅灰背景 ! 7 => "47" light gray background call putchar(109) ! m if (lang == 0) print *, '前景色', c, ' 暗色，背景 = 7 浅灰' if (lang /= 0) print *, 'foreground', c, ' dark, background = 7 light gray' end do ! ── ③ 亮色 8-15，背景 0 黑（SGR 90-97 前景 / 40 背景）────────── ! -- ③ Bright colors 8-15, background 0 black (SGR 90-97 foreground / 40 background) -- do c = 8, 15 row = 4 + c fg = 90 + (c - 8) call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(48 + row / 10) ! 行号十位 ! tens digit of the row number call putchar(48 + row - (row / 10) * 10) ! 行号个位 ! ones digit of the row number call putchar(59) ! ; call putchar(51) ! 3 call putchar(72) ! H call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(48 + fg / 10) ! 色号十位 ! tens digit of the color number call putchar(48 + fg - (fg / 10) * 10) ! 色号个位 ! ones digit of the color number call putchar(59) ! ; call putchar(52) ! 4 call putchar(48) ! 0 ⇒ 「40」黑背景 ! 0 => "40" black background call putchar(109) ! m if (lang == 0) print *, '前景色', c, ' 亮色，背景 = 0 黑' if (lang /= 0) print *, 'foreground', c, ' bright, background = 0 black' end do ! ── ④ 光标定位：先写右半段（第 21 行第 34 列）─────────────────── ! -- ④ Cursor positioning: write the right half first (row 21, column 34) -- call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(50) ! 2 call putchar(49) ! 1 ⇒ 「21」行 ! 1 => "21" row call putchar(59) ! ; call putchar(51) ! 3 call putchar(52) ! 4 ⇒ 「34」列 ! 4 => "34" column call putchar(72) ! H ⇒ ESC[21;34H call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(57) ! 9 call putchar(51) ! 3 ⇒ 「93」亮黄前景 ! 3 => "93" bright yellow foreground call putchar(59) ! ; call putchar(52) ! 4 call putchar(49) ! 1 ⇒ 「41」红背景 ! 1 => "41" red background call putchar(109) ! m if (lang == 0) print *, '<- 先写的（第 34 列）' if (lang /= 0) print *, '<- written first (column 34)' ! 再回到第 21 行第 1 列写左半段 ! Then go back to row 21, column 1 and write the left half call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(50) ! 2 call putchar(49) ! 1 call putchar(59) ! ; call putchar(49) ! 1 ⇒ ESC[21;1H call putchar(72) ! H call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(57) ! 9 call putchar(54) ! 6 ⇒ 「96」亮青前景 ! 6 => "96" bright cyan foreground call putchar(59) ! ; call putchar(52) ! 4 call putchar(48) ! 0 ⇒ 「40」黑背景 ! 0 => "40" black background call putchar(109) ! m if (lang == 0) print *, '后写的（第 1 列）-> ' if (lang /= 0) print *, 'written second (column 1) -> ' ! ── ⑤ 收尾：第 23 行第 1 列，复位成白字黑底（37 / 40）────────── ! -- ⑤ Wrap-up: row 23, column 1, reset to white on black (37 / 40) -- call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(50) ! 2 call putchar(51) ! 3 call putchar(59) ! ; call putchar(49) ! 1 ⇒ ESC[23;1H call putchar(72) ! H call putchar(27) ! ESC call putchar(91) ! [ call putchar(51) ! 3 call putchar(55) ! 7 ⇒ 「37」白前景 ! 7 => "37" white foreground call putchar(59) ! ; call putchar(52) ! 4 call putchar(48) ! 0 ⇒ 「40」黑背景 ! 0 => "40" black background call putchar(109) ! m if (lang == 0) print *, '=== done（已复位为白字黑底）===' if (lang /= 0) print *, '=== done (reset to white on black) ===' end program demo_tty