python/tty/demo_tty.py · 14803 字节 · 下载原文

# demo_tty.py —— **第 2 层：彩色控制台**

# demo_tty.py — **Layer 2: color console**

#

# 这一层解决的问题是「**在一个字符界面上做版面**」：清屏、把光标挪到第几行第几列、

# The problem this layer solves is "**doing layout on a character screen**": clearing the screen, moving the cursor to row/column N,

# 设前景/背景色。老 DOS 程序（菜单、表格、状态栏）全靠这几个原语拼出来。

# setting foreground/background colors. Old DOS programs (menus, tables, status bars) were all built from these few primitives.

#

# Python 这一层**没有 conio/crt 绑定**（`Lib/python/gfx.py` 里那些 `*_print` 是文档性

# Python has **no conio/crt bindings** at this layer (the `*_print` entries in `Lib/python/gfx.py` are documentary

# 存根，`conio.vml` 的绑定也不是给 Python 调的），所以这里**直接输出 ANSI 转义序列**

# stubs, and the `conio.vml` bindings are not meant to be called from Python), so here we **emit ANSI escape sequences directly**

# —— 那正是"支持彩色的控制台程序"：

# — which is exactly what a "color-capable console program" is:

#

#     清屏        ESC [ 2 J          ESC [ H

#     clear screen: ESC [ 2 J, ESC [ H

#     定位光标    ESC [ <行> ; <列> H

#     position the cursor: ESC [ <row> ; <col> H

#     前景/背景   ESC [ 3x m / 4x m / 9x m / 10x m，256 色 38;5;N，真彩 38;2;r;g;b

#     foreground/background: ESC [ 3x m / 4x m / 9x m / 10x m, 256-color 38;5;N, true color 38;2;r;g;b

#     复位        ESC [ 0 m

#     reset: ESC [ 0 m

#

# ## ⚠ 本前端的坑：字符串字面量里**没有 `\xNN` 转义**

# ## ⚠ Pitfall of this frontend: **no `\xNN` escape** inside string literals

#

# `PythonCompiler/Lexer.cs` 的转义表只有 `\n \t \r \\ \' \"`，其余是

# the escape table in `PythonCompiler/Lexer.cs` only has `\n \t \r \\ \' \"`, everything else is

# 「丢掉反斜杠、留原字符」⇒ `"\x1b[31m"` 打出的是字面量 `x1b[31m`。

# "drop the backslash, keep the character" ⇒ `"\x1b[31m"` prints the literal `x1b[31m`.

# 所以 `ansi()` 用 `putchar(27)` **直接写 ESC 那个字节**，再把后半截当普通字符串打。

# So `ansi()` uses `putchar(27)` to **write the ESC byte directly**, then prints the rest as an ordinary string.

# `print_str`/`putchar` 都**不补换行**，换行要自己 `print_str("\n")`。

# Neither `print_str` nor `putchar` **appends a newline**; you have to emit it yourself with `print_str("\n")`.

# ↳ 2026-10-04 复验仍成立：`print_str("\x1b[31m")` 实测逐字节打出 `x1b[31m`（反斜杠被丢掉、留 `x`）。

# ↳ Still true, re-checked 2026-10-04: `print_str("\x1b[31m")` measures byte-for-byte `x1b[31m` (the backslash is dropped, `x` is kept).

#

# ## ~~⚠ 另一条踩过的坑：别在用户函数里连着调两次 `int_to_str`~~ ✅ **已修好（2026-10-04 复验）**

# ## ~~⚠ Another pitfall already hit: do not call `int_to_str` twice in a row inside a user function~~ ✅ **fixed (re-checked 2026-10-04)**

#

# 想「算出坐标再拼进转义串」曾会踩到 `Lib/` 那两套栈清理约定（见 CLAUDE.md ⑨）：

# Wanting to "compute a coordinate and splice it into an escape string" used to run into the two stack-cleanup conventions in `Lib/` (see CLAUDE.md ⑨):

# 当时实测（留作历史）

# Measured at the time (kept as history):

#

#     def at(row, col):

#         print_str(int_to_str(row)); print_str(";"); print_str(int_to_str(col))

#     at(1, 1)   # 当时期望 1;1H，实得 1;22818H（第二个 int_to_str 读到的实参漂了）

#     at(1, 1)   # then expected 1;1H, actually got 1;22818H (the second int_to_str read a drifted argument)

#

# 2026-10-04 复验：那个形态现在**是对的** —— 同一复现 `at(1, 1)` 得 `1;1H`、`at(7, 42)` 得 `7;42H`，

# Re-checked 2026-10-04: that shape is **correct now** -- the same repro gives `1;1H` for `at(1, 1)` and `7;42H` for `at(7, 42)`,

# 顶层/单参/三参函数里连着调也都对（顶层 `str(1);str(2)` → `1;2`，三参 → `123`）。

# and consecutive calls at the top level and in 1-arg / 3-arg functions are all correct too (top level `str(1);str(2)` -> `1;2`, three args -> `123`).

# ⇒ 本 demo 的坐标仍**写成字面量**（`ansi("5;1H")`）只是因为它已经写好、跑通了；

# ⇒ This demo's coordinates are still **written as literals** (`ansi("5;1H")`) only because it is already written and working;

#   能跑就别动，新写的代码里 `int_to_str` 直接连着用即可。

#   existing code is fine as is, and new code may call `int_to_str` back to back directly.

#

# ## 在哪儿能看到什么

# ## What you can see where

#

# · **真终端**（`vmlcli … | cat -v`）：整套转义都生效。

# · **A real terminal** (`vmlcli … | cat -v`): the whole escape set works.

# · **手机"命令行"页**：那一层把 stdout 里的 ANSI 转成仓库统一的 `«»` 中间格式

# · **The phone's "command line" page**: that layer converts the ANSI in stdout into the repo's unified `«»` intermediate format

#   （`UI/Shared/AnsiMarkup.cs`），**只认 SGR（颜色/样式）**；光标定位（`ESC[…H`）

#   (`UI/Shared/AnsiMarkup.cs`), and it **only understands SGR (color/style)**; cursor positioning (`ESC[…H`)

#   与清屏（`ESC[2J`）会被**吃掉** —— 这是刻意的有限子集（见

#   and screen clearing (`ESC[2J`) get **eaten** — this is a deliberately limited subset (see

#   `Examples/c/ansi_colors.c` 的说明）。所以每行末尾都补了换行，

#   the notes in `Examples/c/ansi_colors.c`). That is why every line ends with a newline:

#   定位被吃掉时输出仍然一行一句、读得通。

#   even when positioning is eaten, the output still reads one sentence per line.

#

# 跑法：命令行页输入  vml run examples/python/demo_tty.py

# How to run: type this on the command line page  vml run examples/python/demo_tty.py


# ── ANSI 小工具 ────────────────────────────────────────────────

# ── ANSI helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────

# `ansi("31m")` = ESC[31m；定位也走同一个口子（`ansi("5;1H")` = ESC[5;1H）。

# `ansi("31m")` = ESC[31m; positioning goes through the same entry point (`ansi("5;1H")` = ESC[5;1H).

# ── 显式引用：下面用到的 `ui_*` 全部来自共享库 vmlui.vml ────────────

# ── explicit reference: every `ui_*` below comes from the shared library vmlui.vml ──

#    `Lib/python/vml_ui.py` 是 GenLib 从 `Lib/shared/src/vmlui.c` 生成的声明文件（勿手写），

#    `Lib/python/vml_ui.py` is the declaration file GenLib generates from `Lib/shared/src/vmlui.c` (do not hand-write);

#    前端读它登记名字与形参个数 —— 有了声明表，实参个数写错会在**编译期**报错。

#    the frontend reads it to register the names and their arities — with that table a wrong argument count is a **compile-time** error.

import vml_ui

def ansi(code):
    putchar(27)
    print_str("[")
    print_str(code)

def text(s):
    print_str(s)

lang = ui_scr_get_language()

# ── 开场：清屏 + 回左上角 ───────────────────────────────────────

# ── opening: clear screen + back to the top-left ─────────────────────────

ansi("2J")
ansi("H")

# ── 标题条：蓝底白字（ESC[44;97m）──────────────────────────────

# ── title bar: white on blue (ESC[44;97m) ────────────────────────────

ansi("1;1H")
ansi("44;97m")
text("  demo_tty (Python) —— 彩色控制台 / ANSI 转义序列          " if lang == 0 else "  demo_tty (Python) -- color console / ANSI escapes          ")
ansi("0m")
text("\n")

ansi("2;1H")
ansi("90m")
text("清屏 ESC[2J   定位 ESC[r;cH   颜色 ESC[3xm / ESC[4xm   复位 ESC[0m" if lang == 0 else "clear ESC[2J   cursor ESC[r;cH   color ESC[3xm / ESC[4xm   reset ESC[0m")
ansi("0m")
text("\n")

# ── 标准 8 色前景（30–37）──────────────────────────────────────

# ── standard 8 foreground colors (30–37) ────────────────────────────────

ansi("4;1H")
ansi("1;37m")
text("标准 8 色前景：" if lang == 0 else "Standard 8 foreground colors:")
ansi("0m")
text("\n")

ansi("5;1H")
ansi("30m")
text(" 30 黑 " if lang == 0 else " 30 black ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("31m")
text(" 31 红 " if lang == 0 else " 31 red ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("32m")
text(" 32 绿 " if lang == 0 else " 32 green ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("33m")
text(" 33 黄 " if lang == 0 else " 33 yellow ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("34m")
text(" 34 蓝 " if lang == 0 else " 34 blue ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("35m")
text(" 35 品红 " if lang == 0 else " 35 magenta ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("36m")
text(" 36 青 " if lang == 0 else " 36 cyan ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("37m")
text(" 37 白 " if lang == 0 else " 37 white ")
ansi("0m")
text("\n")

# ── 亮色前景（90–97）────────────────────────────────────────────

# ── bright foreground colors (90–97) ────────────────────────────────────

ansi("6;1H")
ansi("90m")
text(" 90 亮黑(灰) " if lang == 0 else " 90 gray ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("91m")
text(" 91 亮红 " if lang == 0 else " 91 bright red ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("92m")
text(" 92 亮绿 " if lang == 0 else " 92 bright green ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("93m")
text(" 93 亮黄 " if lang == 0 else " 93 bright yellow ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("94m")
text(" 94 亮蓝 " if lang == 0 else " 94 bright blue ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("95m")
text(" 95 亮品红 " if lang == 0 else " 95 bright magenta ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("96m")
text(" 96 亮青 " if lang == 0 else " 96 bright cyan ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("97m")
text(" 97 亮白 " if lang == 0 else " 97 bright white ")
ansi("0m")
text("\n")

# ── 背景色（40–47 / 100–107）───────────────────────────────────

# ── background colors (40–47 / 100–107) ─────────────────────────────────

ansi("8;1H")
ansi("1;37m")
text("背景色：" if lang == 0 else "Background colors:")
ansi("0m")
text("\n")

ansi("9;1H")
ansi("41m")
text(" 红底 " if lang == 0 else " red bg ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("42m")
text(" 绿底 " if lang == 0 else " green bg ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("44m")
text(" 蓝底 " if lang == 0 else " blue bg ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("46m")
text(" 青底 " if lang == 0 else " cyan bg ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("103m")
text(" 亮黄底 " if lang == 0 else " bright yellow bg ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("105m")
text(" 亮品红底 " if lang == 0 else " bright magenta bg ")
ansi("0m")
text("\n")

# ── 样式（1 粗 / 2 暗 / 3 斜 / 4 下划线 / 9 删除线）─────────────

# ── styles (1 bold / 2 dim / 3 italic / 4 underline / 9 strikethrough) ──────────

ansi("11;1H")
ansi("1;37m")
text("样式：" if lang == 0 else "Styles:")
ansi("0m")
ansi("1m")
text(" 粗体 " if lang == 0 else " bold ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("2m")
text(" 暗淡 " if lang == 0 else " dim ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("3m")
text(" 斜体 " if lang == 0 else " italic ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("4m")
text(" 下划线 " if lang == 0 else " underline ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("9m")
text(" 删除线 " if lang == 0 else " strike ")
ansi("0m")
text("\n")

# ── 256 色（38;5;N）与真彩（38;2;r;g;b）─────────────────────────

# ── 256 colors (38;5;N) and true color (38;2;r;g;b) ─────────────────────

ansi("13;1H")
ansi("1;37m")
text("256 色 / 真彩：" if lang == 0 else "256 colors / truecolor:")
ansi("0m")
ansi("38;5;208m")
text(" 256-208 橙 " if lang == 0 else " 256-208 orange ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("38;5;46m")
text(" 256-46 亮绿 " if lang == 0 else " 256-46 bright green ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("38;2;255;128;0m")
text(" 真彩橙 " if lang == 0 else " truecolor orange ")
ansi("0m")
ansi("48;2;60;0;90m")
text(" 真彩深紫底 " if lang == 0 else " truecolor deep purple bg ")
ansi("0m")
text("\n")

# ── 循环画一条色带（12 格，颜色在 8 档里循环）──────────────────

# ── draw a color band in a loop (12 cells, colors cycling through 8 steps) ───────────────

# 「算出来的」那一格：用取模 + 分支挑出字面量色码。这不是绕远 ——

# The "computed" cell: pick a literal color code with modulo + branches. This is not a detour —

# 数字转字符串这条路在多数前端上要么缺、要么像上面那样会漂，

# the number-to-string path is either missing on most frontends or drifts as shown above,

# 所以「色码写字面量、循环只算用哪一个」是所有语言都能照做的写法。

# so "write the color codes as literals, let the loop only compute which one to use" is a pattern every language can follow.

ansi("16;1H")
ansi("1;37m")
text("循环画 12 格色带：" if lang == 0 else "Draw a 12-cell color band in a loop:")
ansi("0m")
text("\n")

ansi("17;1H")
i = 0
while i < 12:
    k = i % 8
    if k == 0:
        ansi("41m")
    if k == 1:
        ansi("42m")
    if k == 2:
        ansi("43m")
    if k == 3:
        ansi("44m")
    if k == 4:
        ansi("45m")
    if k == 5:
        ansi("46m")
    if k == 6:
        ansi("47m")
    if k == 7:
        ansi("100m")
    text("   ")
    ansi("0m")
    i = i + 1
text("\n")

# ── 收尾：复位颜色 + 定位到第 20 行写结束语 ─────────────────────

# ── wrap-up: reset the colors + position to row 20 and write the closing line ────────────

ansi("0m")
ansi("20;1H")
ansi("1;32m")
text("demo_tty 结束 —— 没有按键等待，画完即退出。" if lang == 0 else "demo_tty done -- no key wait, draws and exits.")
ansi("0m")
text("\n")