rust/app/breakout.rs · 15153 字节 · 下载原文
// 打砖块 —— 用 **Rust** 写的手机游戏
// Breakout -- a mobile game written in **Rust**
//
// 玩法：左右方向键移动底部挡板，把球弹进上方 6×4 的砖块阵；砖块清空即过关，
// Gameplay: the left/right arrow keys move the paddle at the bottom, bouncing the ball up into the 6x4 brick grid;
// 球落底即结束。每打掉一块 +10 分。比「接方块」多一层**数组遍历 + 矩形碰撞**，
// the round ends when the ball hits the bottom. Each brick destroyed = +10 points. One layer beyond "catch the blocks": **array traversal + rectangle collision**;
// 刻意换玩法是为了让这份例程照到别的前端路径（下标写入、二维布局换算）。
// the deliberately different gameplay is so this example also exercises other frontend paths (subscript writes, 2-D layout arithmetic).
//
// ◆ 手机那套 UI
// ◆ The mobile UI set
//
// 开窗 / 绘图 / 输入 / 定时器是 C 写的（`Lib/shared/src/vmlui.c` → `vmlui.vml`），
// Opening the window / drawing / input / timers are written in C (`Lib/shared/src/vmlui.c` -> `vmlui.vml`),
// 由 `vmltool.config.xml` 的 `<Language Name="rust" Libs="vmlui.vml">` 挂上来。
// pulled in by `<Language Name="rust" Libs="vmlui.vml">` in `vmltool.config.xml`.
//
// ◆ 为什么全部逻辑都在 `main` 里
// ◆ Why all the logic lives in `main`
//
// Rust 这份没有用文件级数组：前端对模块级可变状态的支持没有把握，而骨架
// This Rust version uses no file-level arrays: the frontend's support for module-level mutable state was uncertain, and the skeleton
// （`corpus/rust/skel.rs`）也只用了 `main` 内的局部数组。状态留在 `main` 内、
// (`corpus/rust/skel.rs`) also only used local arrays inside `main`. Keeping the state inside `main` and
// 逻辑内联是绕开不确定性，不是风格选择。
// inlining the logic avoids that uncertainty; it is not a style choice.
//
// 已实测可用（2026-09-17）：`let mut a = [0,0,0,0]; a[i] = v;` 与读回都对
// Measured working (2026-09-17): `let mut a = [0,0,0,0]; a[i] = v;` and reading it back are both correct
// （最小的 `a[0]=7; a[3]=5;` 求和得 12 ✓）—— `corpus/rust/skel.rs` 文件头记的
// (the minimal `a[0]=7; a[3]=5;` sums to 12 OK) -- the note in the `corpus/rust/skel.rs` file header
// 「下标左值会落回表达式语句」那条**现在不成立了**。
// that "a subscript lvalue falls back to an expression statement" **no longer holds**.
//
// ◆ 写法：颜色写负数十进制；循环更新写 `i = i + 1`。
// ◆ Style: write colors as negative decimals; write the loop update as `i = i + 1`.
// ◆ UI 库的显式引用
// The explicit reference to the UI library
//
// `use vml_ui::*;` —— 声明文件是 `Lib/rust/vml_ui.rs`（GenLib 生成，155 个 `ui_*`，**不要手改**）：
// `use vml_ui::*;` -- the declaration file is `Lib/rust/vml_ui.rs` (generated by GenLib, 155 `ui_*`; **do not hand-edit**):
//
// cd third_party/vml && dotnet run --project tools/GenLib -- -n -c vmlui -l rust -o Lib/rust/vml_ui.rs
//
// 本前端**不需要**声明就能解析 `ui_*`（它按 `ui_` 前缀自动链 `vmlui.vml`），
// This frontend resolves `ui_*` **without** any declaration (it auto-links `vmlui.vml` by the `ui_` prefix),
// 这条引用是**文档级**的：它标明"这个程序用 UI 库"，并让这份例程与其余语言同形。
// so this line is **documentation-level**: it states that this program uses the UI library and keeps
// this example shaped like every other language's.
// 实测（删掉这一行，产物与画面完全一致）：见仓库 docs 里那份「UI 库导入约定」的第二节 rust 行。
// Measured: deleting this line changes nothing -- the same instruction count and the same drawn picture;
// see the rust row in section two of the UI-library import convention document under docs.
#include "../../../Lib/rust/vml_ui.rs"
use vml_ui::*;
fn main() {
// 24 块砖（6 列 × 4 行），1 = 还在
// 24 bricks (6 columns x 4 rows), 1 = still there
// ⚠ 数组字面量**必须写在一行** —— 跨行的 `];` 报「非法 token: SEMICOLON」（实测）
// ⚠ The array literal **must be written on one line** -- a line-broken `];` reports "invalid token: SEMICOLON" (measured)
let mut bricks = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1];
let mut pad = 0;
let mut bx = 0;
let mut by = 0;
let mut bdx = 0;
let mut bdy = 0;
let mut score = 0;
let mut left = 24;
let mut alive = 0;
// 界面语言：开局问一次宿主要中文还是英文（0=中文 1=英文），之后整局按它分支。
// UI language: ask the host once at the start whether Chinese or English (0=Chinese 1=English), then branch on it for the whole round.
// ⚠ 别在每帧里调 —— 那是一次 syscall。`if` 表达式（本前端支持，见语言规范 §条件语句）
// ⚠ Do not call it in every frame -- that is a syscall. The `if` expression (supported by this frontend, see the language spec section on conditionals)
// 在这里比 `let mut` + `if` 语句短，且分支文本与条件写在同一行。
// is shorter here than `let mut` + an `if` statement, and keeps the branch text on the same line as the condition.
let lang = ui_scr_get_language();
let t_title = if lang == 0 { "打砖块" } else { "Breakout" };
let t_score = if lang == 0 { "得分" } else { "Score" };
let t_left = if lang == 0 { "余砖" } else { "Bricks left" };
let t_restart = if lang == 0 { "按回车重开" } else { "Press Enter to restart" };
let t_cleared = if lang == 0 { "全清了！这一局结束。\n再来一局？（选「否」退出）" } else { "Cleared! Round over.\nPlay again? (choose \"No\" to quit)" };
let t_fell = if lang == 0 { "球落底了，这一局结束。\n再来一局？（选「否」退出）" } else { "Ball fell. Round over.\nPlay again? (choose \"No\" to quit)" };
// 开窗时传 0：尺寸交给宿主（用真实可用区）。**开窗之后**再问一次真实画布 —— 开窗前问到的只是估算值。
// Pass 0 when opening: the size is the host's to decide (the real usable area). Ask the **real** canvas only after the window is open -- before that the host can only estimate.
ui_win_open(t_title, 0, 0);
ui_scr_set_keep_on(1);
// 可用绘图区（手机上约 395x578）
// The usable drawing area (about 395x578 on a phone)
let mut w = ui_scr_get_w();
let mut h = ui_scr_get_h();
if w <= 0 { w = 360; }
if h <= 0 { h = 620; }
let bw = (w - 16) / 6;
let bh = 20;
let top = 60;
pad = w / 2 - 45;
bx = w / 2;
by = h - 120;
bdx = 4;
bdy = 0 - 5;
alive = 1;
let mut tid = ui_timer_set(34, 0);
// 运动墙钟欠账（毫秒）—— 按墙钟补步，用户 2026-10-04 口径（定时器只唤醒，走几步看欠了多少）
// Motion wall-clock debt in ms — steps are caught up from the wall clock (user's 2026-10-04 rule)
let mut acc = 0;
// 上次补步取的墙钟时刻（进主循环时初始化）
// wall-clock time of the last catch-up step (initialized when entering the main loop)
let mut lastMs = ui_time_get_ms();
while ui_win_is_closed() == 0 {
// ── draw ──
ui_2d_clear(-15724520);
ui_2d_text(8, 8, t_score, -6643536, 13, VML_ANCHOR_LEFT);
ui_2d_rect(58, 11, score, 10, -11409298, 1, 0, 0);
ui_2d_text(w / 2, 8, t_left, -6643536, 13, VML_ANCHOR_CENTER);
ui_2d_rect(w / 2 + 46, 11, left * 4, 10, -63488, 1, 0, 0);
let mut i = 0;
while i < 24 {
if bricks[i] != 0 {
let col = i - (i / 6) * 6;
let row = i / 6;
// 每行一色（越上越贵气一点）
// One color per row (the higher up, the fancier)
if row == 0 { ui_2d_rect(8 + col * bw, top, bw - 3, bh - 3, -63488, 1, 0, 3); }
if row == 1 { ui_2d_rect(8 + col * bw, top + 24, bw - 3, bh - 3, -131246, 1, 0, 3); }
if row == 2 { ui_2d_rect(8 + col * bw, top + 48, bw - 3, bh - 3, -11409298, 1, 0, 3); }
if row == 3 { ui_2d_rect(8 + col * bw, top + 72, bw - 3, bh - 3, -15263713, 1, 0, 3); }
}
i = i + 1;
}
ui_2d_rect(pad, h - 40, 90, 12, -63488, 1, 0, 6);
ui_2d_circle(bx, by, 8, -131246, 1, 0);
if alive == 0 {
ui_2d_text(w / 2, h / 2, t_restart, -131246, 16, VML_ANCHOR_CENTER);
}
ui_2d_present();
let t = ui_msg_fetch_wait(0);
if t == 10 { break; }
if t == 9 {
// 这一帧该走几步：**按墙钟欠账**（各平台定时器分辨率不同 ⇒ 不能拿"收到几拍"当时间）。
// how many steps this frame takes: **driven by the wall-clock deficit** (timer resolution differs per platform => never treat "ticks received" as time).
// 用户 2026-10-04 口径：所有游戏时钟取系统毫秒数。定时器只负责唤醒。
// user's 2026-10-04 rule: all game clocks read system milliseconds; the timer only wakes the loop.
let nowMs = ui_time_get_ms();
acc = acc + (nowMs - lastMs);
lastMs = nowMs;
if acc > 34 * 8 { acc = 0; } // 卡太久别一次补一大串（防瞬移）
// // do not catch up in one huge burst after a long stall (prevents teleporting)
while acc >= 34 {
acc = acc - 34;
if alive == 0 { continue; } // 本局结束：只把欠账消耗掉，不走
// // this run is over: consume the deficit without stepping
bx = bx + bdx;
by = by + bdy;
if bx < 10 { bx = 10; bdx = 0 - bdx; }
if bx > w - 10 { bx = w - 10; bdx = 0 - bdx; }
if by < 30 { by = 30; bdy = 0 - bdy; }
// 挡板：球落到挡板带上、横向在挡板范围内 → 弹回
// Paddle: the ball lands on the paddle band and is horizontally within the paddle -> bounce back
if by > h - 52 {
if by < h - 28 {
if bx > pad - 8 {
if bx < pad + 98 {
bdy = 0 - bdy;
by = h - 52;
}
}
}
}
// 砖块碰撞：命中就消一块、弹回、加分
// Brick collision: on a hit, remove one brick, bounce back, add points
i = 0;
while i < 24 {
if bricks[i] != 0 {
let col = i - (i / 6) * 6;
let row = i / 6;
let rx = 8 + col * bw;
let ry = top + row * 24;
if bx > rx - 8 {
if bx < rx + bw + 8 {
if by > ry - 8 {
if by < ry + bh + 8 {
bricks[i] = 0;
left = left - 1;
score = score + 10;
bdy = 0 - bdy;
// 打砖得分：一声高而短的「叮」
// Brick hit score: one high, short "ding"
// （单音 ui_audio_beep —— v0.96.509 从音序器换回来，
// (single-tone ui_audio_beep -- switched back from the sequencer in v0.96.509,
// 那一版多声部叠加 / 长音在真机上破音）
// that version's multi-voice layering / long notes crackled on the real device)
ui_audio_beep(1047, 66);
}
}
}
}
}
i = i + 1;
}
if left == 0 {
alive = 0;
// 过关（赢方）：**最高音**、最长
// Round cleared (winner): **highest pitch**, longest
ui_audio_beep(1047, 320);
ui_2d_present();
if (ui_dlg_msg(t_title, t_cleared, VML_DLG_INFO)) != 0 { ui_win_close(); break; }
i = 0;
while i < 24 { bricks[i] = 1; i = i + 1; }
left = 24;
score = 0;
pad = w / 2 - 45;
bx = w / 2;
by = h - 120;
bdx = 4;
bdy = 0 - 5;
alive = 1;
}
if by > h {
alive = 0;
// 死（输方）：「最低音」、最长 —— 与过关那条 1047 正好是两端
// Death (loser): "lowest pitch", longest -- exactly the opposite end from the 1047 of the round-cleared one
ui_audio_beep(131, 320);
ui_2d_present();
if (ui_dlg_msg(t_title, t_fell, VML_DLG_INFO)) != 0 { ui_win_close(); break; }
i = 0;
while i < 24 { bricks[i] = 1; i = i + 1; }
left = 24;
score = 0;
pad = w / 2 - 45;
bx = w / 2;
by = h - 120;
bdx = 4;
bdy = 0 - 5;
alive = 1;
}
}
}
if t == 1 {
let k = ui_msg_get_a();
if k == 27 { break; }
if k == 37 {
pad = pad - 24;
if pad < 4 { pad = 4; }
}
if k == 39 {
pad = pad + 24;
if pad > w - 94 { pad = w - 94; }
}
if k == 13 {
i = 0;
while i < 24 { bricks[i] = 1; i = i + 1; }
left = 24;
score = 0;
pad = w / 2 - 45;
bx = w / 2;
by = h - 120;
bdx = 4;
bdy = 0 - 5;
alive = 1;
}
}
}
ui_timer_kill(tid);
ui_scr_set_keep_on(0);
ui_win_close();
}